answer question material of nautical /tanya jawab soal kelautan

20. What do you know about the terms below:

A. SCTW

B. COLREG

C. SOLAS

a. SCtW  (Standard Training Certification Watchkeeping) is a trainning to supply the seafarers having qualified profesaional competencies and communicative competency (English). 

    Indonesian goverment officially delcared that the maritime world and industry became the national startegic policy. By this policy, goverment made maritime axis or maritime toll road acrossthe nation in order to increase a economic growth nationally (kompas, 2014;Tempo,2014). To execute this policy ,nowdays Indonesia needs 300-400 professional seaferer each year(waspada, 2016). By This reality becomes prospectives opportunities and challange as well in order to produce the qualified seaferer having a good communication skill (English). By acquiring a good English skil, the seaferer are expected to be able to compete with other seaferer from the other countries across globe because a good standard of English compentences either spoken and written form of communication.  

b. COLREGS ( Convention on the International Regulation for Preventing Collisions at Sea) is The International Rules were formalized in the convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea, 1972 and became effective on July 15,1977. It is one of the most important innovation in the 1972 COLERS was the recognition given to traffic separation schemes -Rule 10 gives guidence in determining safe speed, the risk of collision and conduct of vessel operating in or near traffic separation scheme. The 72 COLREGS were developed by the Inter-Govermental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) which in May 1982 was renamed the International Maritime Organization (IMO). In November 1981, IIMO’s Assembly adopted 55 amendements to the 72 COLREGs which became effective on June 1, 1983. The IMO also adapted 9 more amendements which became effective on November 19, 1989.   

c. SOLAS ( Safety Of Life at Sea ) is a set of International standars first released in 1914, in consequence to Titanic disaster. SOlAS regulates basic safety aspects for ships on international voyages such as stability, machinery, electrical installations, fire protection and lifesaving appliances. The main objective of the SOLAS is Convention or International Convention for SOLAS whic h estabilishes the least safety measure in the construction, equipment and operation of merchant ships.

19. Mention all the types of unloading and explain it!

1. Ramp door  is stability The movement of cargo on the vehicle deck can affect the intact stability of 

the ship, causing it to list. It which eases and minimizes the loading/ unloadingoperation . It can be 

opened inflight paratroop dropping or aerial delivery of cargo and supplies to remote location, so 

can be opened for airdrop operation. 

2. Ship Gear/ Crane kapal is used to describe that gear and equipment aboard ship that is used for 

cargo transfer activities and deck. 

3. Gantry Crane / Container Crane are one of the most important mechanical components in the 

heavy weight lifting and loading in to cargo, in to trains, in to heavy truck vehicles, etc. So the gantry 

crane are curently one of the most popular devices to transporting loads and the function of gantry 

crane is a crane built atop a gantry, which is a structure used to straddle an object or workplace. 

While designing the crane geometry, the load which will be lifted, the lifthing height and the 

situation of the area where the crane will work should be considerd. 

4. Level Luffing Gantry Crane (LLGC) is a crane mechanism where the hook remains at the same level 

whilst luffing; moving the jib up and down, so as to move the hook inwards and outwards relative  

to the base. The level luffing jib system to be viewed in conjuction which other systems of the 

crane, load system of the crane and human system. The system approach creates a clear and 

universal point of view for the denominations and interactions between the separate systems of 

the crane and between the elements in the systems themselves. A level luffing crane ia able to 

raise or lower its jib, and that allows it to reduce the slewing radius. A luffing crane is also a good 

choice for work sites where two or more cranes are working at radius is highly reduced in 

comparasion to standard tower crane types.

5.   Crane Hook is a device used for grabbing and lifting up the loads by means of a crane. It is basiclly 

a hoisting fixture designed to engage a ring or link of a lifting chain or the pin of a shackle or cable 

socket. It is used in hoist and various types of crane play a major role in lifting the heavy loads in    

many sectors, industries, oil rigs, vehicles, etc. The function of the hooks used for heavy loads also 

need to be large, big, huge and heavy in order to function safely at the prescribed loads. 

6. Spreader is a device used for lifting containers and unitized cargo. The fucntion of spreader used for 

containers has a locking mechanism at each corner that attaches the four corners of the container. 

A spreader can be used on a container crane, a straddle carrier and with any other machinery to lift 

containers. Therefore Spreader ia a machine or device used for scattering bulk materials, esp 

manure or frtilizer, over a relatively wide area and a device for keeping apart spacing parallel 

objects, such as electric wires.

7. Mobile crane is a cable-controlled crane mounted on crawlers or rubber-tired carries or a 

hydraulic-powered crane with a telescoping boom mounted on truck-type carries or as 

self-propelled models.The function of mobile crane can be used to lift heavy objects and move them 

short distances, as well as to help construct larger tower cranes. The five most common types of 

mobile cranes are: Hydraulic mobile cranes

2. Explaine The English language is learned in the schools which are included secondary school and  

shipping academic’s school in Indonesia (Jelaskan bahasa Inggris dipelajari di sekolah sekolah termasuk 

sekolah menengah dan akademik pelayaran di Indonesia) !

   A common language is needed for communication and for avoiding accidents at sea. This common language is English. In fact, English is a language which is widely used in maritime sector. The maritime professional and seaferers use maritime English while working in the port and shipping industries. English language is learned to show that accidents often occur due to the breakdown in communication and cooperation. So, the relation between safety at sea and competency in English are interlinked. 

As we know that The research investigation the vocational school students’ needs on implementation of English teaching and learning that is focused on the target needs and learning needs. By adapting Hutchinson and waters’ model (1978). While The act Republic Indonesia No. 20 of 2003 on National Education System article 15 stating that vocational educationis secondary education program for preparing learners for a specific job. It is mentioned regulatory statements perfectly recognize that education in vocational high school should equip the students with particular skills or, in other words promote them to have professional skills in a specific field so that they are ready to compete in today’s wrokplace.As aforemantioned, teaching english in vocational education, particularly in secondary education, should be taken into account as English specific purpose.

Therefor, the marieners need to learn that communicative competence and cross culture issues can affect their team work at sea so that they get opportunity to work in shipping company where they should 

have good proficiencyas well as efficiency in Maritime English. To develop standard syllabuls for the students, the learning and the teaching processes of both general English and maritime English should be examined. EAP (English for Academic Purpose) and ESP (English for Specific Purpose)course provide training about general English as well as maritime English.

3. How is the important English language in the shipping world ? (Seberapa penting peranan bahasa Inggris di dunia pelayaran?)

In the multi-culture maritime world “ Maritime English is the key making things happenned. English was the language of British empire, and the goal the Empire was trade- which was driven by shipping. Over time the growth in trade and shipping settled on the common deniminator language and English fitted the bill. Sometimes misscommunication causes accidents in shipping and they can be made worse because of it often difficulties in understanding so that shipping has to have a unifying voice and English is that. 

We know that The ship has to fit the cargo, the fuel needs to fit the engines, while seaferer need to be able to communicate.

Initially the concept of comon language orginated at the International Maritime Lecturers Assosiation (IMLA) Workshop on Maritime English in 1985 -and was called, “Seaspeak.”

With more and more accidents. and pressure to find answer to communication problems, the early 90’s saw the International Maritime Organization (IMO) set up a workgroup to develope”Seaspeak” into a Language for shipping, “standard Marine Communication Phrases” (SMCP). It has the aims to reduce the problem of language bariest at sea and avoid misundesrtandings which can cause accidents. 

4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Indonesian seaferers compared in other countries? If 

there is disadvantages. Explain the solution? ( Apa kekurangan dan kelebihan pealut Indonesia 

dibandingkan dengan pelaut dinegara lain? JIka ada Kekurangannya. Jelaskan pemecahannya?  

The types of seaferer’s education is not the same everywhere in the world and thus the quality of future officers differs from country to country Because Seaferer from East and Southeast Asia in addition to low cost labour are characterized by several feature that give them advantage in relation to seaferer from traditional maritime nations, or countries with even cheaper labour. These feature are : a great dedication to work, discipline in work and the employer’s confidence. Possible disadvantages, such as the lack of knowledge or basic education, can very easily be avoided by investing in additional education and trainning. 

 

* The solution to manage disadvantage of Indonesians Seaferer as below

1. There is a critical assessment of the existing maritime labour laws 

2. There is regulation which it was presented based on the perspective of the ILO, Seafererand 

Ship owners, with the view to identify deficiencies and areas necessary for review.

3. The shipping company must ensure that their crews are properly trained and experienced to be at sea, 

on board a ship.  

4. A ship should never sail with a crew of students i.e, seaferer without the requisite knowledge and 

Competence. 

5. The crew must be responsible for the ship and passanger and the Captain must be responsible for all 

them. So that there is maritime labour standard as protection of seaferers and safety of line at sea

6. Provide strategies for seaferer’s career security

7. Provide shipping companies and ship owner an understandingof their labour needs as technology 

changes in shipping activities 

8. To make recomandations where necessary

9. To access the role of ship management companies in the recruitment and selection of crews.

10. To emphasise the need for estabilished sound management system for the proper operation of ships

5. How is the English communication on your ship, both internally within the crew and externally with 

other ship. ( including at the port of the company office) and including how far you are involved in the 

communication.

(Bagaiamana komunikasi bahasa Inggris dikapal anda, baik secara internal sesama awak kapal maupun 

eksternal dengan kapal lain (termasuk dipelabuhan dikantor perusahaan) termasuk seberapa jauh anda 

melibatkan diri dalam kominikasi tersebut).

We have known The standard Marine Navigational vocabulary (SMNV) was adopted  by the 

International Maritime Organisation (IMO) 1977 and published as 44-page booklet with standard 

phrase. In 1981 came SEASPEAK, an ambitious project headed by mariners and language expert, and 

steered partly by the IMO. 

The project found that any standard form of English for the maritime sector would need to consider the 

purpose of the communication, the ways in which information was communicated, point of confusion 

and other factors. SEASPEAK was highly influental, and SMNV was revised in 1983 and 1985.

Since 2001, The SMCP (standard Marine Communication Phrases) have replaced the SMNV, and 

provide astructured, easy-to-follow means of communicating information on board, from ship to ship 

or ship to shore, Therefore Maritime English is an umbrella which covers everything from the law, to 

history, to bussiness and logistics, to language quirks and even further beyond sothat I recommend 

English communication is a part of degree requisite as seaferer. 

    I am involved to communicate in english laguage from the reality and my opinion from the 

experience because Maritime English teaching in maritime-sector countries needs real and proper 

implementation as well as support from any aspect.